Post by truth on Jun 6, 2012 0:57:50 GMT -5
Hyunjong had 13 wives.
1st wife : Empress Wonjeong was the daughter of Emperor Sungjong and Empress Moon Hwa. She died of plague in her 20s on April, 1018. She did not bear a child.
2nd wife : Empress Won Hwa was the daughter of Sungjong and Lady Yeon Chang. She gave birth to Princess Hyojeong and Princess Cheonsu.
3rd wife : Empress Wonsung was the daughter of Kim Eunbu. On 1011, Hyunjong stayed in Gongju while he was fleeing from the Khitan attack. Kim Eunbu was the Governor of Gongju at the time. He ordered his daughter to make clothes for Hyunjong during Hyunjong's stay in Gongju. The relationship was set up as a result and they got married. Hyunjong also married her sisters who became Empress Wonhye and Wonpyung. Empress Wonsung gave birth to Emperor Deokjong, Emperor Jeongjong, Empress Inpyung(Emperor Moonjong's wife), and Princess Kyungsook. She died in 1028.
4th wife : Empress Wonhye was Empress Wonsung's sister. She gave birth to Emperor Moonjong, Duke of Pyongyang(Wang Ki), and Empress Hyosa(Emperor Deokjong's wife). She died in 1022.
5th wife : Empress Wonyong was the daughter of Prince Kyungjang(Sungjong's brother). She died in 1013. She did not have a child.
6th wife : Empress Wonmok was the daughter of Seo Nool, the son of Seo Hee. She married Hyunjong on 1022 and died on 1057. She did not have a child.
7th wife : Empress Wonpyung was the sister of Empress Wonsung and Wonhye. She gave birth to Princess Hyogyung and died on 1028.
8th wife : Empress Wonsoon gave birth to Empress Kyungsung(Emperor Deokjong's wife). Her maiden name was Kim.
9th wife : Empress Wonjil's maiden name was Wang. She didn't have a child.
10th wife : Maiden name was Yu. She didn't have a child.
11th wife : Maiden name was Han. She gave birth to Wang Choong.
12th wife : Maiden name was Yi(Lee). She didn't have a child.
13th wife : Maiden name was Park. She gave birth to Princess Aji.
The Western Jurchens were allies of Koryo around the time of Mokjong's death, but Eastern Jurchens weren't. On 1010, Koryo sent Ha Gongjin to invade the Eastern Jurchens. This invasion ended in total failure. Yu Jong murdered 95 Eastern Jurchens who came to bow down to Koryo emperor in retaliation of Koryo's loss. The Eastern Jurchens told the Khitan emperor about Mokjong's death after this incident. Koryo exiled Ha Gongjin and Yu Jong.
When the Khitans invaded with 400,000 troops on November, Hyunjong appointed Kang Jo as the Total Commander, High General Ahn So Gwang as the Litetenant Commander, Choi Hyun Min as the Commander of Left Cavalry, Minister of Military Yi Bang as the Commander of Right Cavalry, Park Choong Sook as the Commander of Middle Cavalry, and Choi Sawi as the Tactician and gave them 300,000 troops.
The Khitans first surrounded Heung Hwa Fortress and sent Yang Kyu a letter. The letter asked Koryo to surrender, arrest Kang Jo, and send him to the Khitans. The war began when Yang Kyu objected to the letter. Khitan emperor Shengzong left 200,000 on Inju and attacked Kang Jo in Tongju with the other 200,000.
Kang Jo divided the army into 3 divisions. The 1st division fought under Kang Jo's command on Samsu. The 2nd division hid in a nearby mountain and third division guarded the Tongju Fortress.
The Khitan's battles with Kang Jo's army in Samsu all ended in losses, because Kang Jo used Koryo's newest invention Geomcha to fight. Kang Jo planned a massacre by luring all Khitans to one place. However, this plan was never carried out as the Khitan guerillas raided Kang Jo's encampment and captured Kang Jo.
The Khitan emperor Shengzong said he would let Kang Jo live if Kang Jo vowed loyalty to him. Kang Jo refused this offer by saying "I am a Korean. I cannot become a Khitan subject." Yi Hyun Woon, one of Kang Jo's generals, asked Shengzong to hire him by saying "I saw a new era with my two eyes, so how can I still devote myself to the old mountains and creeks?" Kang Jo got furious by Yi Hyun Woon's betrayal and scolded him by saying "How can you say that as a Korean?" Shengzong ordered Kang Jo's execution afterward.
The Khitans then went back to Heung Hwa Fortress and forged Kang Jo's letter to get Yang Kyu to surrender. Yang Kyu refused once again by saying "We were sent here to fight by the emperor's command, so I can't accept Kang Jo's order."
The Khitans invaded Kwakju when Yang Kyu refused to surrender. The Commander of Kwakju Fortress Cho Sung Woo fled during the night of invasion. Dae Hwae Deok(Balhae royal family) and Yi Yong Jik died in action. Kwakju was conquered.
When Yang Kyu heard this, he left Heung Hwa Fortress with 700 guerilla troops and gathered Kang Jo's 1000 troops from Tongju to annihilate 6000 Khitan troops in Kwakju. Yang Kyu saved 7000 civilians from Kwakju and moved them to Tongju.
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1st wife : Empress Wonjeong was the daughter of Emperor Sungjong and Empress Moon Hwa. She died of plague in her 20s on April, 1018. She did not bear a child.
2nd wife : Empress Won Hwa was the daughter of Sungjong and Lady Yeon Chang. She gave birth to Princess Hyojeong and Princess Cheonsu.
3rd wife : Empress Wonsung was the daughter of Kim Eunbu. On 1011, Hyunjong stayed in Gongju while he was fleeing from the Khitan attack. Kim Eunbu was the Governor of Gongju at the time. He ordered his daughter to make clothes for Hyunjong during Hyunjong's stay in Gongju. The relationship was set up as a result and they got married. Hyunjong also married her sisters who became Empress Wonhye and Wonpyung. Empress Wonsung gave birth to Emperor Deokjong, Emperor Jeongjong, Empress Inpyung(Emperor Moonjong's wife), and Princess Kyungsook. She died in 1028.
4th wife : Empress Wonhye was Empress Wonsung's sister. She gave birth to Emperor Moonjong, Duke of Pyongyang(Wang Ki), and Empress Hyosa(Emperor Deokjong's wife). She died in 1022.
5th wife : Empress Wonyong was the daughter of Prince Kyungjang(Sungjong's brother). She died in 1013. She did not have a child.
6th wife : Empress Wonmok was the daughter of Seo Nool, the son of Seo Hee. She married Hyunjong on 1022 and died on 1057. She did not have a child.
7th wife : Empress Wonpyung was the sister of Empress Wonsung and Wonhye. She gave birth to Princess Hyogyung and died on 1028.
8th wife : Empress Wonsoon gave birth to Empress Kyungsung(Emperor Deokjong's wife). Her maiden name was Kim.
9th wife : Empress Wonjil's maiden name was Wang. She didn't have a child.
10th wife : Maiden name was Yu. She didn't have a child.
11th wife : Maiden name was Han. She gave birth to Wang Choong.
12th wife : Maiden name was Yi(Lee). She didn't have a child.
13th wife : Maiden name was Park. She gave birth to Princess Aji.
The Western Jurchens were allies of Koryo around the time of Mokjong's death, but Eastern Jurchens weren't. On 1010, Koryo sent Ha Gongjin to invade the Eastern Jurchens. This invasion ended in total failure. Yu Jong murdered 95 Eastern Jurchens who came to bow down to Koryo emperor in retaliation of Koryo's loss. The Eastern Jurchens told the Khitan emperor about Mokjong's death after this incident. Koryo exiled Ha Gongjin and Yu Jong.
When the Khitans invaded with 400,000 troops on November, Hyunjong appointed Kang Jo as the Total Commander, High General Ahn So Gwang as the Litetenant Commander, Choi Hyun Min as the Commander of Left Cavalry, Minister of Military Yi Bang as the Commander of Right Cavalry, Park Choong Sook as the Commander of Middle Cavalry, and Choi Sawi as the Tactician and gave them 300,000 troops.
The Khitans first surrounded Heung Hwa Fortress and sent Yang Kyu a letter. The letter asked Koryo to surrender, arrest Kang Jo, and send him to the Khitans. The war began when Yang Kyu objected to the letter. Khitan emperor Shengzong left 200,000 on Inju and attacked Kang Jo in Tongju with the other 200,000.
Kang Jo divided the army into 3 divisions. The 1st division fought under Kang Jo's command on Samsu. The 2nd division hid in a nearby mountain and third division guarded the Tongju Fortress.
The Khitan's battles with Kang Jo's army in Samsu all ended in losses, because Kang Jo used Koryo's newest invention Geomcha to fight. Kang Jo planned a massacre by luring all Khitans to one place. However, this plan was never carried out as the Khitan guerillas raided Kang Jo's encampment and captured Kang Jo.
The Khitan emperor Shengzong said he would let Kang Jo live if Kang Jo vowed loyalty to him. Kang Jo refused this offer by saying "I am a Korean. I cannot become a Khitan subject." Yi Hyun Woon, one of Kang Jo's generals, asked Shengzong to hire him by saying "I saw a new era with my two eyes, so how can I still devote myself to the old mountains and creeks?" Kang Jo got furious by Yi Hyun Woon's betrayal and scolded him by saying "How can you say that as a Korean?" Shengzong ordered Kang Jo's execution afterward.
The Khitans then went back to Heung Hwa Fortress and forged Kang Jo's letter to get Yang Kyu to surrender. Yang Kyu refused once again by saying "We were sent here to fight by the emperor's command, so I can't accept Kang Jo's order."
The Khitans invaded Kwakju when Yang Kyu refused to surrender. The Commander of Kwakju Fortress Cho Sung Woo fled during the night of invasion. Dae Hwae Deok(Balhae royal family) and Yi Yong Jik died in action. Kwakju was conquered.
When Yang Kyu heard this, he left Heung Hwa Fortress with 700 guerilla troops and gathered Kang Jo's 1000 troops from Tongju to annihilate 6000 Khitan troops in Kwakju. Yang Kyu saved 7000 civilians from Kwakju and moved them to Tongju.
...............continued in the next translations----------------------------